TERMS, ABBREVIATION AND DEFINITIONS
When the
following terms are used in the list below, they have the following meanings:
Accepting
unit/ controller. Air traffic control unit/ air traffic controller next to
take control of an aircraft.
Note: See
definition of transferring unit/ controller.
ADS
service. A service using aircraft information
provided by means of automatic dependent surveillance.
Advisory
airspace. Airspace of defined dimensions, or designated route, within which
air traffic advisory service is available.
Advisory
route. A designated route along which air traffic advisory service is
available.
Note: Air
traffic control service provides a much more complete service than air traffic
advisory service; advisory areas and routes are therefore not establised within
controlled airspace, but air traffic advisory service may be provided below and
above control areas.
Aerodrome.
A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations and
equipment) intended to be used either wholly on or in part for the arrival,
departure and surface movement of aircraft.
Note: The
terms aerodrome where used in the provisions relating to the flight plan and
ATS messages is intended to cover also sites other than aerodromes which may be
used by certain types of aircraft, e.g helicopters or balloons.
Aerodrome
control service. Air traffic control service for aerodrome traffic.
Aerodrome
control tower. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to
aerodrome traffic.
Aerodrome
elevation. The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
Aerodrome
taxy circuit. The specified path of aircraft on the manouvering area during
specific wind condition.
Aerodrome
traffic. All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome and all
aircraft flying in the vicinity of an aerodrome.
Note: An
aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in or leaving an
aerodrome traffic circuit.
Aerodrome
traffic circuit. The specified path to be flown by aircraft operating in
the vicinity of an aerodrome.
Aerodrome
traffic zone (ATZ). An airspace of defined dimensions established around an
aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic
Aeronautical
fixed service (AFS). A telecommunication service between specified fixed
points provided primarily for the safety of air navigation and for the regular,
efficient and economical operation of air services.
Aeronautical
fixed station. A station in the aeronautical fixed service.
Aeronautical
ground light. Any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other
than a light displayed on an aircraft.
Aeronautical
information publication (AIP). A publication issued by or with the
authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of lasting
character essential to air navigation.
Aeronautical
mobile service (AMS). A mobile service between aeronautical stations and
aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft
stations may participate; emergency position indicating radiobeacon stations
may also participate in this service or designated distress and emergency
frequencies.
Aeronautical
station. A land station in the aeronautical mobile service. In certain
instances, an aeronautical station may be located, for example, on board ship
or on a platform at sea.
Aeronautical
telecommunications services. A telecommunications service provided for any
aeronautical purpose.
Aeronautical
telecommunications station. A station in the aeronautical telecommunication
service.
Airborne.
An aircraft in flying condition or in flight, after take-off, when all the
wheels have lifted off the runway surface.
Airborne
collision avoidance system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on secondary
surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals, which operates independently of
ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting
aircraft that are equipped with SSR transponders.
Aircraft.
Any machines that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions
of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s surface.
Aircraft classification number (ACN). Is a number expressing the
relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for specific standard subgrade
strength.
Aircraft
identification. A group of letters, figures on a combination there of which
is either identical to, or the coded equivalent of, the aircraft call sign to
be used in air-ground communications, and which is used to identify the
aircraft in ground-ground air traffic services communications.
Aircraft
observation. The evaluation of one or more meteorological elements made
from an aircraft in flight.
Aircraft
proximity. A situation in which, in the opinion of a pilot or air traffic
services personnel, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative
positions and speed have been such that safety of the aircraft involved may
have been compromised. An aircraft proximity is classified as follows:
Risk of
collision. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which
serious risk of collision has existed.
Safety
not assured. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which the
safety of the aircraft may have been compromised.
No risk
of collision. The risk classification of an aircraft proximity in which no
risk of collision has existed.
Air-ground
communication. Two-way communication between aircraft and station or
locations on the surface of the earth.
Air-ground
control radio station. An aeronautical telecommunication station having
primary responsibility for handling communications pertaining to the operation
and control of aircraft in a given area.
AIRMET
information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning
the occurrence or exfected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena
which may affect the safety of low level aircfat operations and which was not
already included in the forecast issued for low level flights in the flight
information region concerned or sub area thereof.
Air
navigation facility. Any facility used in, available for use in, or
designed for use in, aid of air navigation, including landing areas, lights,
any apparatus, or equipment for disseminating weather information, for
signaling, for radio direction finding, or for radio on other electrical
communication, and any other structure or mechanism having a similar purpose
for guiding or controlling flight in the air or the landing and take-off of
aircraft.
Air
report. A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with
requirements for position, and operational and / or meteorological reporting.
Air taxi.
Used to describe a helicopter/ VTOL aircraft movement conducted above the
surface but normally not above 100 feet AGL. The aircraft may procede either
via hover taxi of flight at speeds more than 20 knots. The pilot is solely
responsible for selecting a safe airspeed/ altitude for the operation being
conducted.
Air -
taxiing. Movement of a helicopter / VTOL above the surface of an aerodrome,
normally in ground effect and at a ground speed normally less than 37 Km/h (20
kt).
Note: The
actual height may vary, and some helicopters may require air – taxiing above 8
m (25 ft) AGL to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clearance for cargo
slingloads.
Air -
to - ground communication. One-way communication from aircraft to stations
or locations on the surface of the earth.
Air
traffic. All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvering area of an
aerodrome.
Air
traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under
conditions specified by an air traffic control unit.
Note 1: For
convenience, the term “air traffic control clearance” is frequently abbreviated
to “clearance” when used in appropriate context.
Note 2: The
abbreviated term “clearance” may be prefixed by the words taxi, take-off,
departure, en – route, approach or landing to indicate the particular portion
of flight to which the air traffic controls clearance relates.
Air
traffic control instruction. Directives issued by air traffic control for
the purpose of requiring a pilot to take a specific action.
Air traffic
control service. A service provided for the purpose of:
a)
Preventing collisions:
1) Between aircraft, and
2) On the manoeuvering area between aircraft
and obstructions, and
b)
Expediting and maintaining an orderly
flow of air traffic.
Air traffic
control unit. A generic term meaning variously, area control center,
approach control office or aerodrome control tower.
Air
traffic service. A generic term meaning variously, flight information
service, alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control
service (area control service, approach control service or aerodrome control
service).
Air
traffic services reporting office. A unit established for the purpose of
receiving report concerning air traffic services and flight plans submitted
before departure.
Note: An air
traffic services reporting office may be established as a separate unit or
combined with an existing unit, such as another air traffic services unit or a
unit of the aeronautical information service.
Air
traffic services unit. A generic term meaning variously air traffic control
unit, flight information center or air traffic services reporting office.
Airway.
A control area or portion thereof astablished in the form of a corridor
equipped with radio navigation aids.
ALERFA.
The code word used the designate an alert phase.
Alerting
service. A service provided to notify appropriate organizations regarding
aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organization as
required.
Alert
phase. A situation where in apprehension exists as to the safety of an
aircraft and its occupants.
Allocation,
allocate. Distribution of frequencies, SSR codes, etc, to a State, unit or
service. Distribution of 24-bit aircraft addresses to a State or common mark
registering authority.
Alternate
aerodrome. An aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed when it becomes
either impossible or inadvisable to proceed to or to land at the aerodrome of
intended landing. Alternate aerodromes include the following.
Destination
alternate. An alternate aerodrome to which an aircraft may proceed should
it become either imposible or inadvisable to land at the aerodrome of intended
landing.
Note: The
aerodrome from which a flight departs may also be an en-route or a destination
alternate aerodrome for that flight.
Altitude.
The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a
point, measured from mean sea level.
Approach
control office. A unit
established to provide air
traffic control service to controlled flights arriving at, or departing
from one or more aerodromes.
Approach
control service. Air traffic control
service for arriving or
departing controlled flights.
Approach
funnel. A specified airspace around a nominal approach path within which an
aircraft approaching to land is considered to be making a normal approach.
Approach
sequence. The order in which two or more aircaft are cleared to approach to
land at the aerodrome.
Appron.
A defined area, on a land aerodrome, intended to accommodate aircraft for
purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking
or maintenance.
Area
control centre. A unit established to provide air traffic control service
to controlled flights in control areas under its jurisdiction.
Area
control service. Air traffic control service for controlled flights in
control areas.
Area
navigation (RNAV). A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation
on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation
aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a
combination of these.
Area
navigation route. An ATS route established for the use of aircraft capable
of employing area navigation.
ATIS.
The symbol used to designate automatic terminal information service.
ATS
route. A specified route designed for channeling the flow of traffic as
necessary for the provision of air traffic services.
Note: The
term ATS route it used to mean variously, airway, advisory route, controlled or
uncontrolled route, arrival or departure route, etc.
Automatic
terminal information service. The provision of current, routine information
to arriving and departing aircraft by means of continuous and repetitive
broadcast throughout the day or a specified portion of the day.
Base
turn. A turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between
the end of the out-bound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final
approach track. The tracks are not reciprocal.
Note: Base
turns may be designated as being made either in level flight or while
descending, according to the circumstances individual procedure.
Blind
transmission. A transmission from one station to another station in
circumstances where two-way communications cannot be established but where it
is believed that the called station is able to receive the transmission.
Breakdown
of coordination. Is a condition of the application of coordination which is
not up to the basic standard is stipulated within in the letter of agreement
between an ATS unit and other ATS unit which was already agreed about
previously.
Other
metters which may be categorised as Breakdown of condition, when something
changed without being coordinated of passed to other adjaccent ATS unit if the
following happened.
a. A change of the time of passing Transfer
of Control Point (TCP) more than 3 (three) minutes.
b. A change of flight level.
c. A change of ATS route.
d. A defiation from the defined flight track
when the aircraft still in the buffer zone (about 15 minutes from TCP).
Breakdown
of separation. Is an application of separation which is not applying the
standard requerement which is not up to the standard or non-standard.
When an
incident happened as a Breakdown of Separation or aircraft accident, the watch
supervisor must initiate to take-over the duty and responsibility of the
controller and appoint another controller to replace only base on psychological
consideration.
While,
waiting for the result of the in investigation related to a breakdown of
separation case or accident, the controller on duty at the breakdown, will be
release from control duty until a period of time determined by the unit’s
chief.
Broadcast.
A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not
addressed to a specific station or stations.
Ceiling.
The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of
cloud below 6.000 m (20.000 ft) covering more than half the sky.
Clearance
limit. The point to which an aircraft is granted an air traffic control
clearance.
Code
(SSR). The number assigned to a particular multiple pulse reply signal
transmitted by a transponder in mode A or mode C.
Control
area. A controlled airspace extended upwards from a specified limit above
the earth.
Controlled
aerodrome. An aerodrome at which air traffic control service is provided to
aerodrome traffic.
Note: The
terms controlled aerodrome indicate that air traffic control service is
provided to aerodrome traffic but does not necessarily imply that a control
zone exists.
Controlled
airspace. An airspace of defined dimension within which air traffic control
service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the
airspace classification.
Note:
Controlled airspace is a generic term, which covers ATS airspace classes A, B,
C, D and E as shown in Annex II, Appendix 4.
Controlled
flight. Any flight, which is subject to an air traffic control clearance.
Control
zone. A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth
to a specified upper limit.
Cruise
climb. An aeroplane cruising technique resulting in a net increase in
altitude as the aeroplane mass decreases.
Cruising
level. A level maintained during a significant portion of a flight.
Current
flight plan. The flight plan, including changes, if any, brought about by
subsequent clearances.
Note: When
the word “message” is used a suffix to this term, it denotes the content and
format of the current flight plan data sent from one unit to another.
Data
convention. An agreed set of rules governing the manner or sequence in
which a set of data may be combined into a meaningfull communication.
Data
processing. A systematic sequence of operations performed on data.
Note:
Examples of operations are the merging, sorting, comperting or any other
transformation, or rearrangement with the object of extracting or revising
information, or of altering the representation of information.
Decision
altitude (DA). Or decision height (DA). A specified altitude or height in
the precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the
required visual reference to continue the approach has not been astablised.
Note 1:
Decision altitude (DH) is refenced to mean sea level and decision height (DH)
is referenced to the threshold elevation.
Note 2: The
required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the
approach area, which should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilot
to have mode an assesment of the aircraft position and rate of change of
position, in relation to the desired flight path. In category III operations whith a decision height the
required visual reference is that specified for the particular procedure and
operations.
Note 3: For
convenience where both expressions are used they may be written in the form
decision altitude/ height and abbreviated “DA/ H”
DETRESFA.
The code word used to designate a distress phase.
Discrete
code. A four-digit SSR Code with the last two digits not being O.
Distress
phase. A situation wherein there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft
and its occupants are threafened by grave and imminent danger or required
immediate assistance.
Elevation.
The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of
the earth, measured from mean sea level.
Emergency
phase. A generic term meaning, as the case may be, uncertainty phase, alert
phase or distress phase.
Estimated
elapsed time. The astimated time required proceeding from one significant
point to another.
Estimated
off-block time. The estimated time at which the aircraft will commence
movement associated with departure.
Estimated
time of arrival. For IFR flights, the time at which it is estimated that
the aircraft will arrive over that designated point, defined by reference to
navigation aids, from whith it is intended that an instrument approach
procedure will be commenced, or if no navigation aids is associated with the
aerodrome, the time at which the aircraft will arrive over the aerodrome. For
VFR flights, the time at which it is estimated that the aircraft will arrive
over the aerodrome.
Expected
approach time. The time at which ATC expects that an arriving aircraft,
following a delay, will leave the holding point to complete its approach for a
landing.
Note: The
actual time of leaving the holding point will depend upon the approach
clearance.
Filed
flight plan. The flight plan as filed with an ATS unit by the pilot or a
designated representative, without any subsequent changes.
Note: When
the word message is used as a suffix to this term, it denotes the content and
format of the filed flight plan data as transmitted.
Final
approach. That part of an instrument approach procedure which commences at
the specified final approach fix or point, or where such a fix or point is not
specified.
a) At the end of the last procedure turn of
inbound turn of a recetrack procedure, if specified; or
b) At the point of interception of the last
track specified in the approach procedure, and ends at of point in the vicinity
of an aerodrome from which.
1) A landing can be made; or
2) A missed approach procedure is initiated.
Final
approach and take- off area (FATO). A defined area over which the final
phase has the approach manoevre to hover or landing is completed and
from which the take off manoevre is commenced. Where the FATO is to be used by
performance class I helicopter, the definied area includes the rejected take-
off area available.
Flight
crewmember. A licensed crewmember charged with duties essential to the
operation of an aircraft during flight time.
Flight
information centre. A unit established to provide flight information
service and and alerting service.
Flight
information region. An air space of defined dimensions within which flight
information service and alerting service are provided.
Flight
information service. A service provided for the purpose of giving advice
and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
Flight
Inspection. In flight investigation and evaluation of a navigational aid to
determine whether it meets established tolerances.
Flight
level. A surface of constant atmospheric pressure, which is related to a
specific pressure datum. 1013.2 hPa, and is separated from other such surfaces
by specific pressure intervals.
Note 1: A
pressure type altimeter calibrated in accordance with the Standard Atmosphere;
a) When set to a QNH altimeter setting, will
indicate altitude;
b) When set to QFE altimeter setting, will
indicate height above the QFE reference datum;
c) When set to a pressure of 1013.2 hPa, may
be used to indicate flight levels.
Note 2: The
terms height and altitude used in Note 1 above, indicate altimetric rather than
geometric height and altitudes.
Flight
plan. Specified information provided to airtraffic services units, relative
to an intended flight or portion of an aircraft.
Note:
Specifications for flight plans are contained in Annex 2. a model Flight Plan
Form is contained in Appendix 2 to Doc. 4444
Flight
status. An indication of wether a given aircraft requires special handling
by air traffic service units or not.
Flight
visibility. The visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in
flight.
Flow
control. Measures designed to adjust the flow of traffic into a given air
space, along a given route, or bound for a given aerodrome, so as to ensure the
most effective utilization of the air space or aerodrome.
Forecast.
A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or
period, and for a specified area or portion of air space.
Free Flight. A safe
and efficient flight operating capability under IFR in which the operators have
the freedom to select their path and speed in real time. A (concept aiming at a
satellite based environment, with) data–link communications, GPS/WAAS
navigation and ADS - B surveillance.
Glide path. A descend profile determined for
vertical guidance during a final approach.
Global Positioning System (GPS). A space based radio
positioning navigation, and time transfer sistem. The system provides highly
accurate position and velocity information, and precise time, on a continous
global basis to an unlimited number of properly equipped users. The system is
unaffected by weather, and provides a world wide common grid reference. The GPS
concept is predicated upon accurate and continuous knowledge of the spatial
position of each satellite in the sistem with respect to time and distance from
a transmitting satellite to the user. The GPS receiver automatically selects
appropriate signal from the satellites in view and translate these into their
dimensional position, velocity and time.
Ground effect. A condition of improved
performance (lift) due to the interference of the surface with the airflow
pattern of the rotor sistem when a helicopter or other VTOL aircraft is
operating nears the ground.
Note: Rotor
efficiency is increased by ground effect to a height of about one rotor
diameter for most helicopters.
Ground
to air communication. One-way communications from stations or locations on
the surface of the earth to aircraft.
Ground
visibility. The visibility at an aerodrome, as reported by an accredited
observer.
Heading.
The direction in which the longitudinal exis of an aircraft is pointed, usually
expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic, compass or grid)
Height.
The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a
point measured from a specified datum.
Helideck.
A heliport located on a floating or fixed off – shore structure.
Heliport.
An aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly on in
part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of helicopters.
Helicopter
stand. An aircraft stand which provides for parking a helicopter and where
air-taxiing operations are contemplated, the helicopter touch down and lift-off.
Holding
point. A specified location identified by visual or other means, in the
vicinity of which the position of an aircraft in flight is maintained in
accordance with air traffic control clearances.
Holding
procedure. A predetarmined manoeuvre, which keeps an aircraft within a
specified airspace while awaiting further clearance.
Hover
taxi. Used to describe a helicopter/ VTOL aircraft movement conducted above
the surface and in ground effect at air speeds less than approximately 20
knots. The actual height may vary and some helicopter may require hover taxi
above 25 feet AGL to reduce ground effect turbulence or provide clearance for
cargo slingloads.
IFR.
The symbol used to designate the instrument flight rules.
IFR
flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the instrument flight rules.
IMC.
The symbol used to designate instrument meteorological conditions.
INCERFA.
The code word used to designate an uncertainty phase.
Inertial
Navigation System (INS). A self-contained navigation system that
continually measures the acceleration acting upon the vehicle of which it is
part. Suitably integrated, these forces provide velocity and thence position
information.
Instrument
Approach Operations. Instrument approach operations are divided into non – precision
approaches and precision approaches.
Non-precision
approaches. An instrument approach and landing, which does not utilize
electronic, glide path guidance.
Precision
approaches. An instrument approach and landing using precision azimuth and
glide path guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation.
Instrument
approach procedure. A series of predetermined maneuvers by reference to
flight instrument with specified protection fromabstacles from the initial
approach fix, or where applicable, from the beginning of a defined arrival
route to a point from which a landing can be completed and thereafter, if a
landing is not completed, to a position at which holding or en-route obstacle
clearance criteria apply.
Instrument
meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions axpressed in terms of
visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minima specified
for visual meteorological conditions.
Note 1: The
specified minima for visual meteorological conditions are contained in Chapter
4 of Annex 2.
Note 2: In a
control zone, VFR flight may proceed under instrument meteorological conditions
if and as authorized by air traffic control.
Landing
area. That part of a movement area intended for the landing of take-off of
air craft.
Level. A
generic term relating to the vertical position of an aircraft in flight and
meaning variously, height, altitude or flight level.
Location
indicator. A four-letter code group formulated in accordance with rules
presceribed by ICAO and assigned to the location of an aeronautical fixed
station.
Manoeuvring
area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and
taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons.
Meteorological
information. Meteorological report, analysis, forecast, and any other
statement relating to existing or expected meteorological conditions.
Meteorological
office. An office designated to provide meteorological service for
international air navigation.
Meteorologycal
report. A statement of observed meteorological conditiond related to a
specified time and locations.
Missed
approach procedure. The procedure to be followed if the approach cannot be
continued.
Mode
(SSR). The conventional identifier related to specific functions of the
interrogation signals transmitted by an SSR interrogator. There are four modes
specified in Annex 10: A, C, S and intermode.
Movement
area. That part of an aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and
taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvering area and the apron (S).
Navigation
Aids. Any visual or electronic device airborne or on the surface which
provides point to poin guidance information or position data to aircraft in
flight.
Non-radar
separation. The separation used when aircraft position information is
derived from sources other than radar.
Normal
operating zone (NOZ). Air space of defined dimensions extending to either
side of an ILS localizer course and/ or MLS final approach track. Only the
inner half of the normal operating zone is taken into account in independent
parallel approaches.
NOTAM.
A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information
concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility,
service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to
personnel concerned with flight operations.
Obstacle
clearance altitude (OCA) or obstacle clearance height (OCH). The lowest
altitude or the lowest height above the elevation of the relevant runway
thereshould or the aerodrome elevation as applicable, used in establishing
compliance with appropriate abstacle clearance criteria.
Note 1:
Obstacle clerance altitude is referenced to mean sea level and obstacle
clerance height is referenced to the threshould elevation or in the case of
non-precision approaches to the aerodrome elevation or the threshold elevation
if that is more than 2 m (7 ft) below the aerodrome elevation. An obstacle
clearance height for a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome
elevation.
Note 2: For
convenience when both expressions are used they may be written in the from
obstacle clearance altitude/ height and abbreviated OCA/H.
Operator.
A person, organization, enterprise engage in, or offering to engage in an
aircraft operation.
Pilot –
in – command. The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the
aircraft during flight time.
Pressure
altitude. An atmospheric pressure expressed in terms of altitude, which
corresponds to that pressure in the Standard Atmosphere.
Primary
radar. A radar sistem, which uses reflected radio signals.
Primary
survellance radar (PSR). A surveillance radar sistem, which uses reflected
radio signals.
Procedure
turn. A manoeuvre in which a turn is made away from a designated track
followed by a turn in the apposite direction to permit the aircraft to
intercept and proceed along the reciprocal of the designated track.
Note 1:
Procedure turns are designated left or right according to the direction of the
initial turn.
Note 2:
Procedure turns may be designated as being made either in level flight or while
descending, according to the circumstances of each individual procedure.
Profile.
The orthogonal projection of a flight path or portion thereof on the vertical
surface containing the nominal track.
PSR
blip. The visual indication, in non-symbolic form, on a radar display of
the position of an aircraft obtained by primary radar.
Radar.
A radio detection device, which provides information or range, azimuth and/ or
elevation of objects.
Radar
approach. An approach in which the final approach phase is executed under
the direction of a radar controller.
Radar
clutter. The visual indication radar display of unwanted signals.
Radar
contact. The situation, which exits when the radar position of a particular
aircraft is seen and identified on a radar display.
Radar
control. Term used to indicate that radar derived information is employed
directly in the provision of air traffic control service.
Radar
controller. A qualified air traffic controller holding radar rating
appropriate to the functions to which he is assigned.
Radar
display. An electronic display of radar-derived information depicting the
position and movement of aircraft.
Radar
identification. The situation, which exists when the radar position of a
particular aircraft is seen on a radar display and positively identified by the
air traffic controller.
Radar
map. Information super imposed on a radar display to provide ready
indication of selected features.
Radar
monitoring. The use of radar for the purpose of providing aircraft with
information and advice relative to significant deviations from nominal flight
path, including deviations from the terms of their air traffic control
clearances.
Radar
position indication (RPI). This visual indication, in non-symbolic and/ or
symbolic form, a radar display of the position of an aircraft obstaived by
primary and/ or secondary surveillance radar.
Radar
position symbol (RPS). The visual indication, in symbolic form, on a radar
display, of the position of an aircraft obtained after automatic processing of
positional data derived from primary and/ or secondary surveillance radar.
Radar
separation. The sparation used when aircraft position information is
derived from radar sources.
Radar
track position. An extrapolation of aircraft position by the computer based
upon radar information and used by the computer for tracking purposes.
Note: In
some cases, information other than radar-derived information is used to assist
the tracking processes.
Radar
unit. That element of an air traffic services unit, which uses radar
equipment to provide one or more services.
Radar
vectoring. Provision of navigational guidance to aircraft in the form of
specific headings, based on the use of radar.
Receiving
unit/ controller. Air traffic services unit/ air traffic controller to
which a message is sent.
Note: See
definition of sending unit/ controller.
Repetitive
flight plan (RPL). A flight plan related to a series of frequently
recurring, regularly operated individual flights with identical basic features,
submitted by an operator for retention and repetitive use by ATS units.
Reporting
point. A specified geographical location in relation to which the position
of an aircraft can be reported.
Required
navigation performance (RNP). A statement of the navigation performance
accuracy necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
Rescue
co-ordination centre. A unit responsible for promoting efficient
organization of search and rescue service and for co-ordination the conduct of
serch and rescue region.
Rescue
unit. A unit composed of trained personel and provided with equipment
suitable for the expeditions conduct of search and rescue.
RNP
type. A containment volue expressed as a distance in nautical miles from
the intended position within flights would be for at least 95 percent of the
total flying time.
Example: RNP 4 respresents a navigation accurancy of
plus or minus 7-4 km (4 NM) on a 95 percent contaiment basis.
Runway.
A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and
take-off of aircraft.
Runway
visual range. The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre
line of a runway can see the runway surface markings on the lights delineating
the runway or identifying its centre line.
Secondary
radar. A radar system wherein a radio signal transmitted from the radar
station initiates the transmission of a radio signal from another station.
Secondary
surveillance radar (SSR). A surveillance radar system, which uses
transmitters/ receivers (interrogators) and transponders.
SIGMET
information. Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning
the occurrence or expected of specified en-route weather phenomena, which may
affect the safety of aircraft operations.
Signal
area. An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals.
Significant
point. A specified geographical location used in defining an ATS route or
the flight path of an aircraft and for other navigation and ATS purposes.
Special
VFR flight. A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within a
control zone in meteorological conditions below VMC.
SSR
response. The visual indication, in non-symbolic form, on a radar display,
of a response from an SSR transponder in realy to an interrogation.
Surveillance
radar. Radar equipment used to determine the position of an aircraft in
range and azimuth.
Taxi-holding
position. A designated position at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles may
be required to hold in order to provide adequate clearance from a runway.
Taxiing.
Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome under its own power,
excluding take-off and landing.
Taxiway.
A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and
intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another,
including:
a) Aircraft
stand taxilane. A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and in tended to
provide access to aircraft stands anly.
b) Apron taxiway. A partion of a taxiway
sistem located in an apron and intended to provide a trough taxi route across
the apron.
c) Rapid exit taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and
designed to allow landing aeroplanes to turn off at a higher speeds than are
achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy times.
Terminal
control area. A control area normally established at the confluence of ATS
routes in the vicinity of one or more major aerodromes.
Threshold.
The beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing.
Total
estimated elapsed time. For IFR flights, the estimated time required from
take-off to arrive over that designated point, defined by reference to
navigation aids, from which it is intended that instrument approach procedure
will be commenced, or if no navigation aid is associated with the destination
aerodrome, to arrive over the destination aerodrome. For VFR flights, the
estimated time required from take-off to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
Touchdown.
The point where the nominal glide path intercepts the runway.
Note: Touchdown
as defined above is only a datum and is not necessarily the actual point at
which the aircraft will touch the runway.
Traffic
Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). An airborne collision
avoidance sistem based on radar beacon signals, which operate independent of
ground, based equipment. TCAS-I generates traffic advisories anly. TCAS-II
generates traffic advisories, and resolution (collision avoidance) advisories
in the vertical plane.
Touchdown
and lift-off area (TLOF). A load bearing area on which a helicopter may
touchdown or lift off.
Track.
The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction
of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North (true,
magnetic or grid).
Traffic
avoidance advice. Advice provided by an air traffic services unit
specifying manoeuvres to assist a pilot to avoid a collision.
Traffic
information. Information issued by an air traffic services unit to alert a
pilot to other known or observed air traffic which may be in proximity to the
position or intended route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a collision.
Transfer
of control point. A defined point located along the flight path of an
aircraft, at which the responsibility for providing air traffic control service
to the aircraft is transferred from one control unit to the next.
Transferring
unit/ controller. Air traffic control unit/ air traffic controller in the
process of transferring the responsibility for providing air traffic control
services to an aircraft to the next air traffic control unit/ air traffic
controller along the route of flight.
Note: See
definition of accepting unit/ controller.
Transition
altitude. The altitude at or below which the vertical position of an
aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes.
Transition
layer. The airspace between the transition altitudes.
Transition
level. The lowest flight level available for use above the transition
altitude.
Uncertainty
phase. A situation wherein uncertainty exists as to the safety of an
aircraft and its accupants.
Unmanned
free balloon. A non-power driven, unmanned flighter, than, air aircraft in
free flight.
Note:
Unmanned free balloon are classified as heavy, medium or light in accordance
with specifications contained in Annex 2, Appendix 4.
VFR.
The symbol used to designate the visual flight rules.
VFR
flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules.
Visibility.
The ability, as defermined by atmosfheric conditions and expressed in units
of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and
prominent lighted objects by night.
Visual
approach. An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an
instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach are executed in
visual reference to terrain.
Visual
meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of
visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified
minima.
Note: The
specified minima are contained in Annex 2, Chapter 4.
VMC.
The symbol used to designate visual meteorological conditions.
Voice
switching and control system (VSCS). The VSCS is a computer-controlled
system that provides air traffic controllers with all voice circuits (air to
ground and ground to ground) necessary for air traffic control.
Waypoint.
A specified geographical location used to define an area navigation route or
the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation.
Wake
turbulence. The effect of the rotaring air masses generated behind the wing
tips of large jet aircraft.
ABBREVIATION
IN CIVIL
AVIATION
1. ACAS = Airborne
collision avoidance system
2. ACC = Area
control center or area control
3. ADF = Automatic
direction finding equipment
4. ADGS = Aircraft
Docking Guidance System
5. ADIZ = Air
defense identification zone (to be pronounced “ADIZ”)
6. AFS = Aeronautical
fixed service
7. AFTN = Aeronautical
fixed telecommunication network
8. APAPI = Abbreviated
precision approach path indicator
9. AIC = Aeronautical information circular
10. AIP = Aeronautical information publication
11. AIS = Aeronautical information services
12. AMS = Aeronautical mobile service
13. AMSC = Aeronautical
Message Switching Centre
14. AMOS = Automatic
meteorological abbreviation system
15. AOC = Aerodrome
obstacle chart
16. APP = Approach
control office or approach control or approach control service
17. ARO = Air
traffic services reporting office
18. ATA = Actual
time of arrival
19. ATC = Air
traffic control (in general)
20. ATD = Actual
time of departure
21. ATIS = Automatic
Terminal Information Service
22. AIRAC = Aeronautical
information regulation and control
23. ATM = Air
traffic management
24. ATN = Aeronautical
telecommunication network
25. ATS = Air
traffic service
26. ATZ = Aerodrome
traffic Zone
27. CAT = Category
or clear air turbulance
28. CNS = Communications,
navigation and surveillance
29. COM = Communication
30. CTA = Control
area
31. CTR = Control
zone
32. DA = Decesion
altitude
33. DS = Direct
speech
34. DGAC = Directorate
General of Air Communication
35. DME = Distance
measuring equipment
36. DVOR = Doppler
VOR
37. EAT = Expected
approach time
38. EET = Estimated
elapsed time
39. ELBA = Emergency
location beacon – aircraft
40. EOBT = Estimate
off-block time
41 ETA = Estimated
time of arrival or estimating arrival
42. ETD = Estimate
time of departure or estimating departured
43. FA = Flight
approval
44. FIC = Flight
information Centre
45. FIR = Flight
information Region
46. FIS = Flight
Information Service
47. FISA = Automated
flight information service
48. FL = Flight
level
49. GCA = Ground
Controlled approach system or ground controlled approach
50. GNSS = Global
navigation satellite system
51. GP = Glide
path
52. GPS = Global
positioning system
53. HF = High
frequency (3000 to 30,000 KHz)
54. HIAL = High
intensity approach and runway lighting
55. IAF = Indonesia air
force
56. ICAO = International
civil aviation organization
57. IDENT = Identification
58. IFR = Instrument
flight rules
59 ILS = Instrument
landing system
60. IMC = Instrument
meteorological conditions
61. INS = Inertial
Navigation system
62. LC = Landing
chart
63. LDA = Landing
distance available
64. LF = Low
frequency (30 to 300 KHz)
65. LLZ = Localizer
66. LORAN = LORAN
(Long range air navigation System)
67. MWARA = Major
world air route area
68. NAV = Navigation
69. NDB = Non-directional beacon
70. NM = Nautical
miles
71. NOTAM = Notice
to Airmen
72. PALS = Precision
approach lighting system (specipy category)
73. PAPI = Precision
approach path indicator
74. PIB = Pre-flight
information bulletin
75. PSR = Primary
surveillance radar
76. RADAR = Radio
detection and ranging
77. RAF = Royal
air force
78. RCC = Rescue
co-ordination centre
79. RDARA = Regional
domestic air route area
80. RLLS = Runway
lead-in lighting system (to be pronounce “AR-NAV”)
81. RNAV = Area
navigation
82. RPI = Radar
position indication
83. RVR = Runway
visual range
84. SAR = Search
and Rescue
85. SELCAL = Selective
calling system
86. SID = Standard
Instrument Departure
87. SMC = Surface
movement control
88. SMR = Surface
movement radar
89. SSR = Secondary
surveillance radar
90. STAR = Standard
Instrument arrival
91. TMA = Terminal
control area
92. TODA = Take-off
distance available
93. TORA = Take-off
run available
94. TWR = Aerodrome
control tower or aerodrome control
95. UHF = Ultra
high frequency (300 to 3000 MHz)
96. UIR = Upper flight information region
97. UTA = Upper control area
98. VFR = Visual
flight rules
99. VHF = Very
high frequency
100. VLF = Very
low frequency (3 to 30 MHz)
101. VOR = VHF
omnidirectional radio range
102. VORTAC= VOR and TACAN combination
103. VSCS = Voice
Switching and Control System
104. WAC = World
Aeronautical Chart ICAO 1:1,000.000
105. WDI = Wind
direction indicator
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